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Agriculture
Agriculture in Qatar is inherently limited in scope due to the harsh climate and lack of arable land.[1] In spite of this, small-scale farming, nomadic herding, and fishing were the predominant means of subsistence in the region prior to the 20th century. Sea-based activities such as pearling and fishing served as the primary sources of income for Qataris until the commencement of oil drilling in1939.[2]
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Although the relative importance of these activities has declined as a means of livelihood (with commercial pearling disappearing completely), the government has attempted to encourage agriculture and fishing to provide a degree of self-sufficiency in food.
Banking & Financial Services
The Qatari economy has witnessed a huge progress in various economic and social fields in recent years supported by the government policy based on free market principle. This is evident in the structure of the national economy which is designed to cater for the global economic changes in such a way as to protect the best interests of the country, and in the improvement made by the financial and banking system which is characterized by responsiveness to the achievements made by the Qatari economy in terms of overall economic variables.
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The market entered a new phase since the issuance of law No 33 for 2009, which led to the transformation of Doha Securities Markets into a joint stock company under the name of (Qatar Exchange). This was intended to make a new structural shift so as to turn it into an international bourse operating in accordance to the most advanced systems. To achieve this goal a decision was taken to establish a partnership with Euronext holding 20% shareholding, after which Qatar Exchange started operating under its new name on 21.6.2009.
Education
The government of Qatar has identified education as key to meeting the targets outlined in both the National Development Strategy 2011-16 and the Qatar National Vision 2030. Government expenditures in 2014 emphasized education, which accounted for over 7% of the national budget. Private sector actors are also playing an increasingly important role in providing education services.
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The government has outlined a clear vision of leveraging these vast resources to diversify the economy away from oil and gas revenues. Qatar’s National Vision 2030 (QNV 2030) and the National Development Strategy 2011-16 outline the country’s long-term social and economic goals and identify education as a critical vehicle for meeting these targets. The government has invested in reforming the sector and in developing new education initiatives, programmes and projects over the past two decades. Government expenditures in 2014, for example, emphasised education, which accounted for over 7% of the national budget. Private sector actors are also playing an increasingly important role in providing education services, particularly at the primary and secondary level. The presence of a large expatriate workforce has given rise to demand for different curricula and syllabi. The size of the market for private schools and other education facilities is likely to continue growing as the population expands.
Energy & Utilities
A rapidly expanding economy and growing population mean that demand for power and water from both industry and households in Qatar has never been greater. This trend is set to continue for some time to come, with an ambitious multibillion-dollar programme of infrastructure building in the lead-up to the 2022 FIFA World Cup, requiring more people, more electricity and more water. Thus the pressure is on Qatar’s utilities sector to deliver by keeping pace and even getting ahead of the rapid growth going on around it.
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At the same time, new demands for cleaner, more efficient and sustainable systems are making an impact, with implications for design and cost. However, Qatar has some major advantages when it comes to overcoming these challenges. An abundant supply of natural gas connected to a modern processing system is one, while the country’s financial reserves are another.
There is a continuing, planned commitment by the authorities and many international partners to make this dramatic expansion happen as seamlessly as possible.
Government
Oil and Gas constitute the backbone of Qatar’s Economy. The State of Qatar exerts efforts to diversify its sources to alleviate the country’s dependence on these natural resources of crude Oil which amounts about (850 thousand barrels per day, and Gas about (18 billion cube foot per day) produced from the North Field which holds Gas reserves of about (380 trillion cube foot) and associated gas.
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The Qatari leadership endeavors to increase production capacity of the liquefied natural Gas (LNG) to be more than (60 million Ton per year), knowing that the current production is (18 million ton/day); the majority of the GDP relies on Oil and Gas and the relevant industrial activities.
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Established in 1974, the government-owned Qatar Petroleum is responsible for all oil and gas industry in Qatar. Oil is produced from onshore and offshore fields, the most important of which are:
Dukhan onshore field; Al Idd Al Sharqi; Maydan Mahzam, Bul Hanain, Al Bunduk, Al Shaheen, Al Rayan, Al Khalij, Al Karkara and offshore Tabakat (A).